Descriptive paragraphs

A teacher's way of teaching and leading can have a significant impact on the emotional and mental development of his or her students. As I step into my math class, I see eight students lining up in a row with their hands out in front of them. Mercilessly, the teacher swings his stick at their hands, counting from one to ten. Each time the stick beats down, I can feel as if a nail is hammered into my eardrums. My heart continues to pound as some of the students cries. The mad teacher finishes up with his beatings and yells out, â€Å"Getting 50% and under is unacceptable!The sudden scream from the teacher scares me as my hands squeeze together. â€Å"l am calling each and every single of your parents and letting them know the shame you brought to my class,† he shouts. The day ends with me lying on my bed trying to fall asleep as the crying of my classmates haunts my brain making me uncomfortable. After two hours, I am finally able to get some sleep. Next morning, I feel pain f rom the beatings slowly concentrate on my legs as I suddenly wake up. The dorm supervisor wakes us up with his rod at 6:30 in the morning. While I fold my bed and brush my teeth, the supervisor rushes us and shouts, â€Å"Hurry up!Lazy bums! † We sloppily get ready and Jog to the main school building. Terrified, I step into the classroom and notice that a quarter of the class didn't show up. I wait for the teacher, convincing myself that it won't be the teacher from yesterday. I wait patiently as I hear footsteps approaching the classroom and suddenly, everyone stops chattering. The same teacher walks in. He glared at us with his angry face getting ready to force his lesson on us. The teacher concludes his lousy lecture and five pages of homework. I take out my notebook and start tackling the questions.A student pproaches the infuriated teacher asking for help. miou don't even know how to solve this? † He questions as if he were talking to a three year old. â€Å"Why a re you even in my class? † he mocked. â€Å"l suggest you go back and learn one plus one. † The teacher sends the student away in embarrassment as he returns to his corner. Please don't let any of this happen to me, I pray. The bell rang. I rush outside of the prison and finally was able to relax my muscles. The supervisor picks us up and walks us toward the cafeteria. I had no stomach for food, after all the nasty events that I have witnessed already.I chew on some dry bread as if my life is hopeless. I head outside my classroom, looking at the grim towers of my school. I took a breath of the smoky air as I mentally prepare myself for my next class. With my next class in session, the grumpy teacher walks around scanning us while we write our quiz. There is a lot of pressure because of the thought of getting beaten that lies within my mind. My hands shake as I try to solve these complex questions. The danger of me even making one mistake me tremble as I let go of my pap er into the pile. I wipe off the sweat on my forehead and wait for my quiz mark.With my fingers crossed, the marking is finished. The look on the teacher's face isn't friendly as he walks up to the front of the room. He announces, â€Å"The following student get to the front desk and put your hands out, Sam, Tom, John, Sarah, Jack†¦ † He continues as I beg that he would not call my name. â€Å"Ethan, Justin, and†¦ Tony,† he ends. My heart stops as I think to myself, it's over. I toddle back to the dorm with my hand dreadfully bruised. I lay on my bed thinking about my home and my parents . Tears sta rt rolling down my cheeks as the day ends, along with what little desire I had left to stay.

Cultures and Practices Not Allowed in the Philippines Essay

Euthanasia Euthanasia is the legal term for a medically assisted mercy killing; however in most countries, euthanasia is illegal. The first form of euthanasia is the voluntary decision of a patient. This is when a patient asks a doctor to terminate the patient’s life if and when the patient suffers too much, the patient has no hope of recovery, the patient has no hope for a decent quality of life, or the patient wishes to relieve the financial or psychological burden on the patient’s family. The other form of euthanasia is an involuntary decision by friends or family of the patient to end the patient’s life. This is sometimes referred to as euthanasia without consent from the patient. Euthanasia is unethical. It is immoral. Even though a death of a person is given consent by himself, it is still murder, assisted suicide, or mercy killing, which is against the will of God. Abortion Abortion, though allowed in some other countries, is illegal in the Philippines. Under the Revised Penal Code of the Philippines, any person who shall intentionally cause an abortion shall suffer reclusion temporal, prision mayor, or prision correccional. The only time abortion is legal is when the pregnancy of the expectant mother is beyond saving like in the case of fetal death, fetal deformity caused sickness while in womb, pregnancy post high risk to mother’s life. In all other circumstances, there is no exception. Abortion is more illegal in the eyes of God, because it is a mortal sin. Divorce Divorce, under the Family Code, is not allowed in the Philippines. Christianity is the largest religion in the Philippines, being that the Christian religion is strongly against divorce. The reason is the influence of Christianity in the Philippine culture. Under its teachings, only death can separate what God has put together. So even if under the eyes of the law, the marital bonds have been validly severed, the Catholic Church will still not honor said decree. Couple this with the fact that there is a stigma attached to broken marriages. Said stigma often develops feelings of insecurities and in some cases, rebellion on the part of the concerned parties. Polygamy Polygamy is the status or institution of simultaneous marriage of more than one woman to one man, or of several women to several men. The two forms are polygyny and polyandry. In ordinary use, the term is restricted to polygyny, where one man is simultaneously married to more than one woman. Catholic tradition has consistently interpreted Christ’s teaching as absolutely forbidding polygamy, and the prohibition was defined by the Council of Trent, pronouncing that it is unlawful for Christians to have several wives at the same time, and that it is forbidden the divine law. Marriage is a covenant between two people. In the Philippines, polygamy is not allowed because of the Christian influence in the Philippine culture. The only exception is when you are a Muslim living in the Philippines. Same sex Marriage Same sex Marriage is not allowed in the Philippines. Two people of the same gender having a relationship is somehow socially accepted nowadays. But when they are to be married, it is unethical. Even though there are some instances that these marriages occur, the couple could not include seeking legal protection and benefits that flow from marriage. Marriage is defined as a special contract of permanent union between a man and a woman entered into in accordance with law for the establishment of conjugal and family life.

How Operational Art Was Applied in the Planning of OIF Essay

How Operational Art Was Applied in the Planning of OIF - Essay Example Consequently the planning of the OIF was designed to achieve operational theater strategic objectives by a Quick Decisive military victory (QDV) with minimal casualties on the occupation forces. This strategy however compelled the planners to define their objectives more clearly as well as set objectives that are attainable within a given time frame. CENTCOM included a number of governmental agencies related to national security such as the CIA, the National Security Council in its plans to remove the regime of Saddam Hussein from power. Some of the operation art plans incorporated how to address and mitigate some of the potential risks and challenges that were likely to face the occupation forces in the Iraqi deserts. To achieve these ends while at the same time minimizing risks, the planning of the OIF also took advantage of the massive technological advancements as part of the occupational strategy. This paper uses Cobra II as the context to analyze the application of Operation ar t in the planning and execution of Operation Iraqi Freedom with regard to the objectives, means and risks involved as well as military art and science. From the conception of Operation Iraqi Freedom, the American central command planners primarily focused on the goal of changing the regime of Saddam Hussein in their operation art. In this regard, it is evident that little attention was given to the strategies of realizing a post war stable Iraqi state such as counterinsurgency measures. The military planners of OIF were also obsessed with the size of the invading force that was required to achieve the military objective of regime change in Iraq. For example the then defense secretary, Donald Rumsfeld, wanted smaller occupation force to be used although this would have made it difficult to deal with the problem of counterinsurgency after the fall of the regime. The main assumption of the war planners was that some of the Iraqi military units will not only surrender but also change si des to support the defeat of Saddam Hussein. The application of the Operation art was particularly influenced by the military operation lessons previously learnt from the Vietnam War. Consequently in order to minimize casualties and costs of the operation OIF, the planners adopted the operation art strategy of Quick Decisive Victory(QDV) where by the occupation forces were to employ any mean available to defeat the forces loyal to Saddam Hussein within a the shortest time possible. With regard to the art and science of combat operations, operation art applied in the planning and execution of Operation Iraqi Freedom includes the use of factors such as force, space and time to achieve the strategic and operational objective of the coalition forces. For example the planning indicated a strong to gain the knowledge of the battle theater as quickly as possible to reduce the number of casualties on the part of the occupation forces while at the same time limiting the amount of time needed to achieve particular operational objectives. With regard to combat space such as airspace, land and sea, the planners assumed the coalition for

That's news to me Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

That's news to me - Essay Example Sometimes, it feels weird to be a part of some platform where anybody can share anything any time which can be approved of or disapproved of by anybody. One way technology influences how I receive information is that news is no more credible to me than theories because both can be right or wrong. One way technology influences how I send information is that it makes me be a critic of my own work before sharing because I am aware that people in the online world know me by what I share. Modern technology has changed my perception of news broadcast over the mainstream media. Before, when I was a child, and the world was not quite as influenced by the Internet as it happens to be today, I used to believe everything shown or talked about in the television news. As I grew up, used the internet, and started to realize through blog posts and online discussion forms that news are selected and modified by various television channels in such a way that their personal interests are served, the cr edibility and reliability of information retrieved from the mainstream media news has been reduced for me. ... ortant, and I have no doubt in it because even I use the Internet to get news more than I use the television, then I believe that all sorts of news are very subjective. Modern technology has made me more critical about what I share with the world. In the real or physical world, I do a lot of jokes and casual talking with people because I know that the people I talk to know me otherwise. Even if I am saying stupid jokes, I am confident that my friends would accept them because they know what sort of a person I am. On the other hand, when I am using the Internet to share any information, be that my status on social networking website, or a photo I have recently taken of myself, I take my time to think whether it is the right status or photo to share. This is because I understand and agree to the fact that â€Å"as digital media continues to evolve, it will be today’s youth who’ll reshape the future content and delivering of news and information† (Garland cited in L ancaster). Many a times, I select some people from my friends’ list to deter my status or photo to be shared with them because of personal reasons or my lack of trust in those friends. I am not so conscious and critical in what I express or share in my everyday life otherwise. Concluding, Internet has had a profound effect in my approach toward receiving and sharing information. Under this effect, I have lost confidence in news but have become more critical about what I share with the world. I cannot control others but I can control myself. So I tend to be very responsible, considerate, and rational while commenting upon a post or a video or even while writing and sharing a blog over the Internet. I want to be a source of help and good guidance for others, which is what makes me criticize my own work that

Annotated Bibliography Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Annotated Bibliography - Essay Example Cairncross, G. and Kelly, S. (2008) Human Resources Development and ‘casualisation’ in Hotels and Resorts in Eastern Australia: Getting the Best to the Customer. Journal of Management and Organization 14 (4), 367 ff. This article acknowledges the rising trend of casual employment in the tourism industry in Australia and reports of fieldwork with 15 hotel locations. The authors recommend that strategies like succession planning, job sharing, team performance pay and higher levels of empowerment be considered in order to lower turnover rate and improve performance. Donaldson, L. and Scannell, E. (2000) Human Resource Development: The New Trainer’s Guide. Cambridge, MA: Perseus. As the title suggests, this book looks at HRD from the trainer’s point of view. It approaches the subject in a chronological order, starting with the need for a trainer to organize his or her own self-development and then work out a strategy for establishing what the organization needs in terms of training. It moves to the design and planning of training inputs, obtaining the necessary resources, and specifying different objectives such as training, structural and behavioral objectives. Chapters 5-8 provide practical detail on lesson types, training methods and the use of techniques and technology. Some teaching theory on communication, learning, motivation and skills building is also provided. The last few chapters give guidance on meetings and dealing with â€Å"problem participants†. Elkeles, T. and Phillips, J.J. (2007) The Chief Learning Officer: Driving Value within a Changing Organization Through Learning Development. Burlington, MA: Elsevier. This book explains the origins and nature of the â€Å"Chief Learning Officer† role. This is a concept which is used in commercial companies, and it describes a senior position which aims to add value by linking strategic goals with the competencies of the personnel. It stresses learning rather than tra ining or development, and includes a drive to improve performance. A useful set of comments from industry professionals is included at the end. Flaherty, J. (2010) Coaching: Evoking Excellence in Others. (3rd ed.) Burlington, MA: Elsevier. This book explains how coaching differs from other types of learning approach. It stresses the relationships between coach and client and explores how to build trust and respect, what techniques to use, and what kind of models to use for assessment. There are long sections (Chapters 7 and 8) on speech act theory and â€Å"the coaching conversation† which highlight how HRD professionals can improve their skills in dealing with clients one a face to face basis. Follis, E. (2001) Organization development & Human Resources: Planning for the future. Organization Development Journal 19 (2), 37ff. This article explores the tensions between the organization development and human resources sections of some companies. It reports on empirical research involving 48 individuals participating in structured interviews and concludes that there is still work to be done in ensuring that these two areas of expertise work effectively together and over come problems like turf wars and differing perspectives. Garavan, T.N. (1991) Strategic Human Resource Development. International Journal of Manpower 12 (6), 21-34. This article presents

Change management final assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Change management final assignment - Essay Example Change has become imperative to manage the dilapidated financial system. It has become more urgent to necessitate change because of organizational changes happening at the facility. The administration model had changed from direct provider of services to managed care organization (MCO), requiring funding for patients. Under the new model, budget is decided by the state on the strength of patients attended by PBH. Technology can prove instrumental in bringing efficiency, as manually processed transactions are time and resource consuming. Currently, PBH is being managed on IBM AS/400 server. It lacks integration with the software that is being used. There is nothing like automation. The start up accounting functions need full IT back up. Data synchronization is not possible. All data has to be entered manually on billing and payment, created in the care management software and entered into HTE, the financial managing software on the AS/400 system. It takes a lot of more time of the employees, resulting in productivity loss and recurring chances of feeding wrong data. Accessing information from the HTE system is time-consuming, taking extra time in report generation. Lengthy reports are hard to customize and channelling the right information to the related staff is arduous. It is draining the limited IT resources at the command of PBH. Taking note of the problems being faced at work, the PBH team has finally selected Microsoft ® Gold Certified Partner InterDyn – Artis to implement Microsoft Business Solutions –Great Plains ® software, which is a part of Microsoft Dynamicsâ„ ¢ as its business management solution. Microsoft Dynamics is a provider of integrated, flexible business management solutions that an organization can rely on to make responsible business decisions with greater surety and guarantee of success. Microsoft Dynamics functions like known and trustworthy Microsoft software like Microsoft Office, which means less need to learn on the

Prophecy and Justice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Prophecy and Justice - Essay Example For instance, the Israelites had a conviction that divine messages were often communicated to a prophet via visions and dreams. This paper discusses ancient prophets from their different background because each prophet spoke primarily in and their own life situation. In most circumstances, prophets were against a social or king’s policies or religious injustice in the society (Frigge 77). Prophet message was a reality that many people feared to hear. In addition, prophets faced opposing and suffering at the hands of their people and leaders such as Kings. It is vital to note that Israel had both female and male prophets who delivered Gods messages to the people. Prophets believed that they received divine call from Yahweh to proclaim God message to the people. In both the old and new testament the word of God is preached relentlessly with proclamation that those who do not adhere to the teachings of God, will burn in hell while those who listens and practices the word of God w ill go to heaven and thus have an eternal life. For a long time, Israel had an oracle culture in that the spoken word of God was very significant in a person’s life. This is because it conveyed the information from God and meant the presence of the person speaking (Frigge 77). Examples of the prophet who prophesized are Amos, Hosea, first Isaiah, Jeremiah, Ezekiel and second Isaiah. Prophets used symbolic language in order to pass their information to the people. For instance, marriage relationship was used to show that God was seen as a faithful husband while the people as unfaithful wife; adultery and prostitution showed Israel praise and worship of false gods. More so, vine and vineyard was used to present Israel as vine planted in good soil and given maximum care by God. Unfortunately, the Vine produced rotten fruits which resemble the behavior of Israelites (St. Mary’s Bible). In addition, God is presented as a caring and loving father who cared for his children. Prophets were called discern Gods message to the people at a crucial point in Israel when there was political and religious intolerance. They were given the role to come and give message of peace and hope to those who were exploited by the government. Prophets came to proclaim justice for the people in that they warned people to worship God alone. In this sense, the people of Israel were offer rituals worship to God in that worship of any other was not right as per the law of Torah. In addition, people were encouraged to practice and exercise social justice since they were Gods people. For them to be free they were to treat one another righteously as God treated them; therefore, they were to care and liberate for each other as children of God. They warned that those people, who resisted the prophets, resisted Gods word and therefore, they were destined to perish. After the exile, God was willing to act again and give life in order to bring people back to covenant faithfulness. Due t o God’s mercy to his people, he was ready to give them a second chance to work for him (St. Mary’s Bible). The leaders had failed to direct their subjects to the right path in that they engaged in all sorts of political and religious injustice making their people to follow what they said. For instance, some leaders made their subjects to worship idols and did not care about the weakest and poor people in society. In order to save his people from exploitation, Davidic covenant was instituted to protect and preserve the

Analysis of Globalization and Transnational Processes Literature review

Analysis of Globalization and Transnational Processes - Literature review Example Apart from the highly debatable claims about the diminished role f states, there are additional issues that theories f globalization face. For the focus on how globalization negates the very concept a center and periphery by generating diasporic public spaces tend to lead to an undertheorizing f the differentiated peripheries, which have disparate relationships with the various centers. This is an undertheorizing f the centers which, United States hegemony not-withstanding, are composed f a number f complexly hierarchized and contending entities, for example, in Scottish--English--Welsh relationships. It is, as well, an undertheorizing f the peripheries which also have complex hierarchical inter-ethnic, cultural, and sometimes racial inter-relationships, first fall within their own borders, then between themselves as peripheries, and, finally, with the various centers. In other words, in theorizing the undoubtedly new phenomenon f globalization, it is critical not to lose sight f the specifics f this process. There are complex and dynamic patterns f racial, ethnic, cultural, class, and social hierarchies that are being generated within particular societies and on a global scale. Sometimes these generate new hierarchical spaces, but often they reinforce old hegemonies within and between nations, without necessarily undermining the power f nation-states as such. Thus I have pointed out that globalization, as it restructures societies internally, simultaneously establishes and reinforces international hierarchy f races, ethnicities, cultures, and nations. Broadly speaking, this hierarchy is based on an international ranking according to political, economic, and cultural prestige and power. This is measured, for example, by such standard economic criteria as per capita gross national product rates f technical innovativeness, and the obvious consequences that economic and technical dominance has for global military dominance. This global racial-cultural hierarchy places Anglo-American culture at the apex and Sub-Saharan African culture at the base. Hegemony is exercised, the first fall, within the complex racial and cultural hierarchies internal to the United States and Europe, and through this route, extends itself globally. Latin, Slavic, Chinese, Japanese, Korean, Hindu, and other cultures (usually with their own complex and dynamic internal cultural, social, economic, and political hierarchies) jostle to occupy intermediate positions between the two extremes.  Ã‚  

Privatization in Canadian Health Care Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Privatization in Canadian Health Care - Essay Example For the purposes of this essay, laws and policies applicable to Canadian health care will not be evaluated in detail. However, the Chaouilli case in Quebec will be acknowledged, so as to direct the focus of the essay toward to possibility of the developmental path for a privatized health care system in Canada. Issues concerning the wait line which may have been expressed on other occasions will be considered as well. Their role in the advancement of the privatization of health care in Canada will be further evaluated. The Canadian health care system, recently more unstable than in previous years, is witnessing a rise in the private sector. The proposed paper will consider the advantages and disadvantages to the implementation of private health care in Canada. Concrete comparisons between the advantages and the disadvantages between the Canadian publicly provided health care system and the United States' health care as a private sector institution would allow for more in-depth analysis of both qualities and drawbacks. Privatized health care in Canada could prove to be more efficient in providing health services; it could also prove to be a catalyst in taking out the middle class, while widening the gap between rich and poor. 2.0 The Development of the Canadian Health Care System The current Canadian health care system was developed as a response to the social conditions of the early 1950's in Canada and was established at provincial levels. At this time, only 53% of the population was privately insured. Further, health care costs amounted to "the primary cause of bankruptcy," in the country.(Dean, 2007) As a reaction to these social circumstances, the provincial government began to participate more actively. Canadian heath care, Medicare, was built by the provincial governments with the support of federal legislatures. First, Saskatchewan implemented a public health insurance plan for hospital stays in 1947; the federal government acknowledged this action by providing reimbursements to the then-growing number of provinces who covered hospital costs. (Dean, 2007) At this time, the federal government provided funding for a third of health care spending.(Dean, 2007) Further, the federal government introduced the Canada Health Act, which addressed the goals of t he health care policy as comprehensiveness, universality, accessibility, portability, and public administration. (Klatt, 2000) However, a shift in the perceptions regarding the health care system is slowly developing. It could be argued that the medical services which were provided by the health care system then, differ from those in demand now. It must be regarded that health care which was established in the mid-twentieth century was primary concerned with "acute care." (Robertson, 2002) Today, Canada is dominantly composed of an aging population, which means chronic illnesses are the focus with such demographics. (Robertson, 2002) Consistent with the demographics is the aging population of doctors which are exiting the field due to retirement. This only narrows down an already small availability of doctors

Human experience Essay Example for Free

Human experience Essay Star I thought it was a big coincidence that I ended up babysitting for a cancer patient with the same name as mine, Stephanie. Star, as she was fondly called, was a picture of hope when I first met her. I was a student then at a university near the hospital where she was confined. Her mom was a friend of my sister’s and one day, she took me with her to visit Star. That visit marked the beginning of a wonderful friendship. Every day I would visit her and she will be waiting by her window. I would bring her gifts, mostly toys and books I bought from a bookstore beside our school. We would often read the books together or play with her dad. One time, we also decorated her room with paper flowers and dolls. Star shared her dreams with me. She told me she wanted to become a doctor someday and help children like her. She wanted so much to get well that seeing her fighting for her life everyday sent tears to my eyes. But I never showed her my weakness for fear that that will bring her to her end. She taught me in her own little way to remain brave and hopeful despite the trials that come my way. It was in the afternoon of August 7, 2001 that she finally bid us goodbye. She knew it was her time to go back where she belonged, among the little angels of God where there is no pain, no tears, but only joy. That experience in my life made me wonder if God really exists and if He does, how come He didn’t answer my prayers. On the other hand, I knew that it was for the best. I myself didn’t want Star to suffer any longer. I realized God works in mysterious ways and we have to pass by many significant experiences to keep our faith and love for Him strong.

A Review of Recessive Genetic Diseases in Cattle

A Review of Recessive Genetic Diseases in Cattle Huan Yu Introduction Cattle are susceptible to a wide range of genetic diseases. The majority of inherited genetic diseases recognized in cattle are autosomal recessive, mainly due to the practice of â€Å"line-breeding†. The defective calf receives error gene inherited from both its sire and dam. However, if the inherited mutant gene comes from only one parent, such individual usually turns out to be a carrier of the disease without any symptoms (Patel, 2010). Genetic abnormalities contribute to poor performance and structural unsoundness to semi-lethal and lethal diseases. Since most genetic diseases are breed-specific, artificial insemination a widely used technique for cattle breeding may lead to high levels of inbreeding and an inevitable increase in the prevalence of recessive defects. Hence, it is imperative to increase the awareness of genetic diseases in cattle among animal breeders and farmers. This will stimulate strategies to reduce the economic loss due to such genetic diseases in cattle. More so, genetic tests for DNA markers such as Citrullinemia and BLAD may be utilised to identify animals with inherited defects at a very young age based on PCR-RFLP marker (Gholap, Kale and Sirothia, 2014). Also, there is need for cooperation among government agencies, veterinarians, animal scientists and farmers in the control of genetic defects among commercial cattle populations, by formulating and adopting good monitoring and control measures. This paper reviews some recessive genetic diseases in cattle with particular reference to its definition, genetic cause (DNA mutation) and the clinical symptoms. Furthermore, it also discuss some best practice to control the genetic disease in breeding population of dairy and beef cattle breeds. Recessive Genetic Diseases 1. Double Muscling or Muscular Hypertrophy Animals are described a â€Å"double-muscled† (see Fig. 1) when they have a myostatin mutation. Double muscle gene is caused by the mutation of the muscle growth inhibition gene located on the second chromosomes. It is a negative regulatory factor of the skeletal muscle growth, a member of the TGF-ÃŽ ² supergene family (Fiems, 2012). McPherron et al., (1997) noticed that these diseases are mainly found in Belgian Blue and Piedmontese cattle, which usually have an incredibly muscular look even if they do not exercise. Although, DM animals are touted to be beneficial to farmers, meat industry and consumers due to their valuable carcasses, however, they are more susceptible to respiratory disease, stress and dystocia, resulting in a lower robustness. Fig. 1. A fullblood Belgian Blue bull showing the double muscling phenotype. Adapted from McPherron et al., 1997. 2. Bovine Progressive Degenerative Myeloencephalopathy (Weaver Calf) Bovine Progressive Degenerative Myeloencephalopathy (see Fig. 2) is a recessive neurological disease most commonly reported in Brown Swiss pure and crossbred cattle since the 1970’s in Northern America and Europe. It is usually caused by mutations in the EZH2 gene and some rare reported cases have implicated mutations in the NSD1 gene (Gholap, Kale and Sirothia, 2014). Clinical signs of the disease includes hind limb weakness, ataxia, and dysmetria appear in homozygous individuals around 6 months of age with a progressive weakness extending over 2-3 years. The occurrence of this disease can be determined by mapping Bos Taurus autosome (BTA) 4:46-56 Mb and a commercially available diagnostic test marker for 6 microsatellite (MS) (McClure et al., 2013). Fig. 2. Eighteen-month-old Brown heifer affected by â€Å"Weaver syndrome† Adapted from Gentile and Testoni, 2006. 3. Arachomelia Arachnomelia is a monogenic recessive disease in cattle characterized by skeletal abnormalities and usually found in Brown, German Fleckvieh-Simmental cattle (Drà ¶gemà ¼ller et al., 2010). The causative mutation is due to SUOX gene (BTA5) encoding molybdohemoprotein sulphite oxidase and deleting c.1224-1225delC (Gholap, Kale and Sirothia, 2014). The affected cattle presents with fragile, thinner and longer legs in combination with stiffened joints. The fetlock joints are deformed and the skull malformations are characterized by shortened lower jaw, pointer head (see Fig. 3). Fig. 3. Phenotype of bovine arachnomelia in Brown Swiss cattle Adapted from Drà ¶gemà ¼ller et al., 2010. 4. Neuropathic Hydroceohalus (Water Head) Hydrocephaly is an abnormal increase in the amount of cerebrospinal fluid within the cranial cavity. It is accompanied by expansion of the cerebral ventricles, enlargement of the skull and especially the forehead, and atrophy of the brain which may result in stillborn or dummy calves (Arsdall, 2011). One mutation causing NH in the descendents of GAR Precision 1680, and a popular AI sire in high marbling Angus bloodlines. This disease most commonly found in Angus and Angus infused beef cattle. Affected calves are born dead with an extremely large cranium with little or no brain material or spinal cord (see Fig. 4). It is probable that a large percentage of mortalities relating to NH occur through embryonic or fetal loss during gestation, which causes the defect to go misdiagnosed or unnoticed. Fig. 4. Deformity in a stillborn calf due to neuropathic hydrocephalus Adapted from Vetbook.org, 2013. 5. Chondrodysplasia (Dwarfism) Bovine chondrodysplastic dwarfism (BCD) is an autosomal recessive disorder with the phenotype of short limbs, joint abnormality, and ateliosis (see Fig. 5). This disorder mainly results from the mutation of a single nucleotide substitution leading to an activation of a cryptic splicing donor site and a one-base deletion resulting in a frameshift mutation (Takeda et al., 2002). Clinical signs of the disease may present with wide variation, but the main feature is reduced length of bones with an endochondral growth pattern. The Dexter cattle that inherit two copies of the ACAN mutation will abort during the third trimester, while the heterozygous individuals will show the desired miniature cattle phenotype (Arsdall, 2011). Fig. 5. An example of the degree of dwarfism expressed in carriers Adapted from Davidson, 2008. Strategies for Controlling Genetic Defects Most genetic diseases are breed-specific that can cause the huge economic losses due to poor animal performance; structural unsoundness reduces the production and reproductive potential of the animal. Consequently, it is necessary to determine the cause of inherited defects. Moreover, controlling genetic diseases, ethical and legal considerations are also important methods to minimise the genetic diseases in breeding population of dairy and beef cattle breeds. Firstly, farmers should have good breeding records for each animal which include their sire and dam, date of breeding, the date of breeding, abnormality descriptions and photos or videos and causes of death, if the farmers cannot find the reason of death, they should ask help from veterinarians or state diagnostic laboratory (Jane and Trent, 2010). Some of the recessive genetic diseases are somewhat difficult to recognise because mutant gene inherited from only one parent is usually without symptoms. Therefore, good records by breeders will help to know the causes of death in controlling diseases and good diagnosis for the congenital defects. Secondly, animals that carry a defective gene should be prevented from passing it on to their offsprings by culling. DNA testing is currently available for the genetic diseases. The calf should be made to undergo blood typing within one-month of age to allow early diagnosis of underlying disease. Importantly, Bulls or semen should be purchased from reputable breeders, produced by parents who are not known to carry undesirable genes (Schalles, Leipold and McCraw, 1914). Although, the DNA testing is a huge financial burden as well as time consuming, however, a good diagnosis from one dead calf can save many others. In the last decade, the development of DNA tests for detecting BLAND and Citrullinemia has been effective in breeding population (Gholap, Kale and Sirothia, 2014). Furthermore, seed stock producers have an obligation to be honest with the customers and to ensure that their customers understand the consequences of using offspring from know carriers. Otherwise, the breeder’s reputations will be at stake, as well as reflect negatively on the entire breed. Conclusion Genetic diseases in dairy and beef cattle affect the economics of animal breeders and farmers, and it is a long way to developing DNA tests for the diagnosis of most diseases to check the spread of undesirable genes effectively. Farmers should cooperate with the breed association, extension and university personnel and veterinarians to eliminate and avoid these problems. The government also need to raise public awareness of genetic diseases in breeding population of dairy and beef cattle breeds via social media, advertisements and journals. References Arsdall, D. V. (2011). Neuropathic Hydrocephalus (NH) Water Head [online] Available from: http://calfology.com/library/wiki/neuropathic-hydrocephalus-nh-quotwater-headquot [Accessed 12 May 2015] Arsdall, D. V. (2011). Dwarfism (Condrodysplasia) [online] Available from: http://calfology.com/library/wiki/dwarfism-condrodysplasia [Accessed 12 May 2015] Carol Davidson (2008). American Dexter Cattle Association [online] Available from: http://www.dextercattle.org/adca/adca_article_chondrodysplasia.html [Accessed 13 May 2015] Drà ¶gemà ¼ller, C., Tetens, J., Sigurdsson, S., Gentile, A., Testoni, S., Lindblad-Toh, K. and Leeb, T. (2010). ‘Identification of the Bovine Arachnomelia Mutation by Massively Parallel Sequencing Implicates Sulfite Oxidase (SUOX) in Bone Development’, PLoS Genetics, vol.6, no.8, pp.e1001079 Fiems, L. (2012). ‘Double Muscling in Cattle: Genes, Husbandry, Carcasses and Meat’, Animals, vol.2, no.4, pp.472-506 Gholap, P. N., Kale. D. S. and Sirothia. A. R. (2014). ‘Genetic Diseases in Cattle: a Review’, Research Journal of Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sciences, vol. 2, no. 2, pp.24-33 Gentile, A., Testoni, S. (2006). ‘Inherited disorders of cattle: a selected review’, Slov vet Res, vol.43, no.1, pp.17-29 Jane A. Parish and Trent Smith (2010) Managing Genetic Defects in Beef Cattle Herds [online] Available from: http://msucares.com/pubs/publications/p2622.pdf [Accessed 13 May 2015] McClure, M., Kim, E., Bickhart, D., Null, D., Cooper, T., Cole, J., Wiggans, G., Ajmone-Marsan, P., Colli, L., Santus, E., Liu, G., Schroeder, S., Matukumalli, L., Van Tassell, C. and Sonstegard, T. (2013) ‘Fine Mapping for Weaver Syndrome in Brown Swiss Cattle and the Identification of 41 Concordant Mutations across NRCAM, PNPLA8 and CTTNBP2’, PLoS ONE, vol.8, no.3, pp.e59251 Patel, R. K. (2010). ‘Autosomal Recessive Genetic Disorders of Cattle Breeds Worldwide-A Review’, Journal of Livestock Biodiversity, vol.2, no.1, pp.35-41 Schalles, R. R., Leipold, H. W., McCraw, R. L. (1914). Congenital Defects in cattle [online] Available from: http://www.iowabeefcenter.org/Beef%20Cattle%20Handbook/Congenital_Defects_Cattle.pdf [Accessed 13 May 2015] Vetbook.org (2013) Neuropathic hydrocephalus – Cow [online] Available from: http://vetbook.org/wiki/cow/index.php/Neuropathic_hydrocephalus [Accessed 13 May 2015]

Ender’s Game :: Essays Papers

Ender’s Game Andrew Wiggin is the main character in the novel, Ender’s Game. His nickname is Ender. Andrew got his nickname from his older sister Valentine when he was born because Valentine was unable to say the name â€Å"Andrew†, so she called him Ender. It has specific meaning in the book because of the fact that Ender is expected to be able to ‘end’ events that someone else had started before him. One event that has been started before Ender that he is expected to finish is the war between the humans on the planet, and the alien â€Å"Buggers.† Ender is expected to be able to end this war because his older siblings tested out impossibly in the governments way of determining aptitude, or ability to become a general in the army that is preparing for a fight with the Buggers. Rarely is a third child born, but in this exceptional case, Ender was permitted to be born because of his siblings test results. As soon as ender is born, a monitor is placed in the base of his neck to analyze his thoughts and senses to determine whether he is Battleschool material or not. Ender eventually goes to Battleschool and takes mass amounts of badgering and teasing from the other kids that are training too. Ender easily moves through the ranks and frustrates every instructor that he has. He becomes a commander and is given an army. He eventually goes to a planet called Eros, find the Buggers, and conclude that they are bugs, and that they have a queen like ants do. Ender finds an old man and finds that it is Mazer Rackham, his enemy. Ender finally finds that all the games he had been playing since Rackham became his enemy, was the real Third Invasion. Ender is a hero. Another event that Ender had to finish that had been started before him was his conflict with Stilson on the bus to Battleschool. Stilson and his friends make fun of Ender by calling him a ‘Third’ and they do not let him get to his seat on the bus. Stilson calls Ender names and summons his friends to hold Ender back because he had tried to grab Stilson’s arm in defense of himself.

Sophocles Antigone - Creons Flaws :: Antigone essays

Antigone: Creon's Flaws In the play Antigone, I choose Creon to be the tragic hero because he is the King of Thebes and he looses everything he has. Creon being King makes the audience believe that something like that can happen to the King then what can happen to us. Antigone the niece of Creon, The sister of Polyneices was punished by Creon for burying Polyneces after his death, Creon has forbidden anybody to do so. Once Creon punished Antigone the blind prophet Teiresias told him that the Gods will take revenge for his actions, then Creon tried to change everything but he is too late. Creon's tragic flaws were his stubbornness, the abuse of power and the actions he took to cause the downfall of the Thebes. Creon showed his stubbornness by not wanting to be proved wrong because of pride. When the Choragos tried to tell Creon that he made a mistake by telling that nobody can burry the body of Polyneices. Creon did not want to listen to the people of Thebes who tried to tell him that Antigone did the right thing, but of fear to Creon the could not really say anything. Creon thought by making an example of Antigone's execution, everybody would get scared and won't try to brake his laws. It actually worked for a while. Creon abused his power by thinking that he can change or brake the laws of the Gods and not allowing other people to brake his laws. He did not want to burry Polyneices' body, but one of the God's law is that every human deserves to be buried after death not depending what that certain person did in his lifetime. Creon caused fear among his people by making a public announcement that nobody is allowed to burry Polyneices. He said that the state of Thebes consists of only him, and that there are no other laws then his. According to the play the major actions that Creon took to cause the downfall of Thebes are that he did not want to burry Polyneices nor did allow any body to do it. Creon broke the burial law of the Gods and punished Antigone for following their laws. The people of Thebes knew that Creon made a mistake but still were too afraid to speak up. Antigone thought that she should get honored for that what she did, but Creon did not think that way.

The Significance of System Cybernetics for Contemporary Philosophy- Post-Modernity in System Cybernetics :: Philosophy Philosophical Papers

The Significance of System Cybernetics for Contemporary Philosophy- Post-Modernity in System Cybernetics ABSTRACT: I call the union of cybernetics and systems theory 'Systems Cybernetics.' Cybernetics and systems theory might be thought of a major source of today's striking development in cyber-technology, the science of complex adaptive systems, and so on. Since their genesis about the middle of this century, these two have gradually come to be connected with each other such that they have now formed an integrative theory which can be called Systems Cybernetics. This article pays attention to its aspects which are often overlooked, but which have profound significance for contemporary philosophy and our handling of various problems posed by modern societies. I insist that the dominant factors of European modernization are primarily economic and technological, though modernity has often been characterized by philosophical and scientific rationalism. I also insist that there are several problems which deserve particular attention but are made invisible by the economic and technological i nclination of the modern mind. In such a context, the problem of reductionism in modern science and the concept of subject detached from its surroundings are discussed. In order to cope with these problems, main theories of System Cybernetics are applied. Post-modern System Cybernetics — which will be illustrated — is also expected to play an active part. Foreword I am Japanese, and now feel keenly that Japan has been under an accelerating modernization. For example, we are now facing to so-called cyber-revolution, financial Big Ban and so on. On the other hand, the international conference for preventing the temperature rising of the earth caused by carbon dioxide was held in Kyoto just in December, 1997. These situations have made me convinced more and more firmly that system cybernetics has a particular significance for our consideration of the problems in modernization. I specialize in philosophy of science ('theory of science' in a more exact expression), and have long been interested in N. Wiener's cybernetics as well as General System Theory founded by L. von Bertalanffy, while proposing for a decade or so to call the union of these two 'system cybernetics'. In this paper, the significance of system cybernetics in dealing with the problems related to modernization, and its post-modernity as well, will be discussed, together with its relation to philosophy. I am very grateful for the opportunity of submitting this article which may be published just in 1998, the fiftieth memorial year since the publication of Wiener's book, Cybernetics.

Self Assesment

Self Assessment What I have learnt I feel that I have learnt a lot from this course and hopefully by gaining such knowledge I can take it further, most of the things I picked up on through this course are included in the list below Confidentiality; do not share clients information unless they are in danger of themselves N.V. C (non verbal communication) S. O. L. E. R (sitting squarely, open posture, Leaning forward) Listening techniques, active listening skills Self Actualization (Mascots Hierarchy of basic needs) ? Counselor's introduction for a session Focusing Managed silence Boundaries Rapport building A. G.E (acceptance genuineness and empathy) Ethical principles; Fidelity, Autonomy, Beneficence, Non-Maleficent, Justice, Self- Respect Mirroring What counseling is and is not My feelings and experiences To begin with I would like to state that my experiences gained on this course, has grasp a reality on how things work in the world of counseling in terms of contracting agreements boundaries and the important skills needed to help the client adjust to the circumstances.Towards the end of the course we did an exercise covering important factors of our lifeline's explaining the ups and downs of our life. I found this very interesting because reflecting on the past and present helped me to see the transformation from then to now. Which became an important piece of evidence of the changes I have been through from the negative to the positive aspects and all importantly it has shown me about he person I have become today.What I have learnt from receiving and giving constructive feedback The feedback gained through triads helped me to understand counseling more and enabled me to improve on the skills I needed to. Once you have hands on experience of counseling another person you tend to see how interesting the session is and how important the skills are to create an effective counseling session. The skills I used were as follows; restating, paraphrasing, reflecting , summarizing and I also incorporated other things such as S. O. L. E.R and effective opening questions. If these methods are applied then the client will feel more relaxed and comfortable with the counselor enabling them to open up and form a bond of trust which is very important for progression and growth. When the roles switched around within the triads we had to experience the role of a client, which was interesting at first I wasn't even sure what to expect or what to even talk about but once you feel comfortable with someone those things you were roaring about go out the window and the words seem to come freely.From then I realized how important it is for a counselor to use the sufficient skills needed to interact with the client. It felt good to talk to someone about the things that were bothering me but also it helped me to understand the self governing feeling, as I had more and more sessions I came to a conclusion with my problems. And that was encouraged by talking to som eone and realizing what is needed to be done by myself through reflecting and summarizing.

Let Me Not to the Marriage of True Minds Admit Impediments

NAIFAN CHEN ESSAY: LET ME NOT TO THE MARRIAGE OF TRUE MINDS Shakespeare’s sonnet â€Å"Let me not to the marriage of true minds† elucidates Shakespeare’s thoughts and opinions on the theme, love. The poet describes how true love is eternal, how it can stand up to time and the way it resists negative inducement. During the sonnet, the poet changes the mood and atmosphere from somber to emotionally positive. Shakespeare uses many language techniques -such as metaphors, repetition and enjambment- to do this.Shakespeare begins the first quatrain with a statement, â€Å"Let me not to the marriage of true minds/Admit impediments†. It briefs the reader on what the sonnet is about and sets a scene for future development. The use of the negative, ‘not’, emphasizes that the poet wants to deny the truth. The negative also creates a slightly austere atmosphere. Through this and the synecdoche â€Å"marriage of true minds† it is shown that the poet envisions true happiness but there is something about what is happening that is troubling him.The enjambment applied here by Shakespeare is especially effective as it conveys a feeling of importance of the supposedly unwelcome information he is about to disclose; although he says he is not going to ‘Admit impediments’ –in this context, obstacles in the way of love. The caesura in the middle of line 2 gives the next statement a feeling of emotion and provides substance. The enjambment for the sentence â€Å"Love is not love/which alters when it altercation finds† gives an impression of true lovers being truthful to each other.Shakespeare has shifted the mood from one bordering on the negative to a more positive one. The constancy used in this line and the next, â€Å"Or bends with the remover to remove†, ascertains the fact that definite love does not change. The colon put to use at the end of this quatrain is indicative that in the following quatrai n the poet will describe in detail a situation. The second quatrain uses metaphors portrays love as many model things, an unerring point in the sky and being of immeasurable value. The exclamation, â€Å"O no! † informs us that true love is really not what he had written before.Shakespeare proclaims love to be; â€Å"It is an ever fixed mark/ That looks on tempests and is never shaken†. The positive â€Å"it is† used here differs from the negatives used before and accentuates the depiction of love’s actual form. Additionally, this line is also a deep metaphor in itself, meaning that love is an ever-fixed point that is unaffected by any storm. The semi-colon introduces another metaphor, â€Å"It is the star to every wandering bark†, which is a reference to how boats during that time were called barquentines, or barks, and how sailors used stars to navigate.This metaphor compares love to a paragon which all people look up to. The continuation of this metaphor, â€Å"Whose worth’s unknown, although his height be taken† declares that the love can be compared to in terms of other qualities but in itself has unfathomable value. This quatrain is actually an extended metaphor which Shakespeare has cleverly concealed. Within the third quatrain Shakespeare personifies love as something able to withstand the force of time. As â€Å"Love’s not Time’s fool† clearly reveals to us, the poet reckons love to not succumb to the effect of time.The synecdoche, â€Å"Though rosy lips and cheeks†, together with the line â€Å"Within his bending sickle’s compass come† expresses that everyone, even the most perfect and beautiful, will one day die. The hard consonant sounds used here stress the importance this. This is also a hidden metaphor for which Death is compared to putting in use his scythe to reap us humans, i. e. kill, albeit only eventually. The next two lines, â€Å"Love alters not w ith his brief hours and weeks, / But bears it out even to the edge of doom† is an allusion to love standing its ground even in the wake of Doomsday.This quatrain effectively illustrates love as a thing that endures all hardship; reinforcing the extended metaphor of the previous quatrain. In the final couplet, Shakespeare makes a witty declaration. The final two lines of this sonnet create a sort of paradox, as he writes â€Å"If this be error and upon me proved, / I never writ, nor no man ever loved†. As he has written much more than any other person, Shakespeare will theoretically not be wrong.The phrase â€Å"Nor no man ever loved† has deep emphasis on the negative â€Å"nor†, suggesting that he should somehow be sad but is not. Shakespeare ends the sonnet on a rather melancholic tone. Ultimately, Shakespeare expresses his own feelings and opinions through the sonnet. His usage of language techniques helps him do so. Love is shown to be not only a qualit y, but it is personified as a perfect, unchanging thing, unaffected by time. Shakespeare has really proved himself to be a prolific writer and extraordinarily capable poet as result of this sonnet.

Child Observation Essay

I observed the teacher and what instructional theory she used and the five students in her classroom. Her students consisted of three four girls and one boy from what was shown in the video. Instructional Theory used: The instructional theory that was used by the teacher was that of Vygotsky’s Cognitive Development Theory. Description of the lesson observed: The teacher started out with clear instructions informing the students that they would be doing about learning new words. She started out asking the students ‘Where is Squawker? † she followed up her answer by guiding the answer. Once the students were aware of the question, they answered by saying that Squawker was under the umbrella. The teacher cheered them on and gave positive feedback at that fact that the children answered correctly. She then reiterated the question and the answer and had the students repeat after her. She then asked one student in particular to go and get squawker, who would be her handheld helper for the lesson, from under the umbrella. Her name was Page. The teacher then told the children that they would be learning some new words that were in the word box. She again asked Page to be her word helper for that lesson. She gave the students clear expectations of the lesson. She told them that she would say the word, which she did by spelling it out completely first then saying in in a clear, crisp tone. She asked Page to select the first word and hold it up for everyone to see. The children then repeated the spelling of the first word, lungs, and then they also said the word clearly. *I had to note, that Page did not spell out the word lungs with the other students. She kind of just mumbled the word. * She, the teacher, made sure to also say to the children to â€Å"Look† closely at the word card. The next word Page pulled out of the word box was the word chest. The teacher again modeled how to pronounce each letter of the word and to say the word. She had the students model after her the same exact way. Again I noticed how Page did not pronounce the word like the other students. The teacher then proceeded to ask Page to place the word chest on her chest so that everyone could see the word. Page did as she was told, signifying she knew what the word was. The teacher also at that time emphasized the action â€Å"Do†. The teacher then had page pull out the picture of the lungs from the word box and place it on her chest. The teacher then engage the students and ask them how do we use our lungs, and elicit responses to see if the children had any knowledge of the content they were engaging in. The children showed readiness and ability to move forward with the questioning. She asked what is in the lungs and one child answered air. The teacher made connections to the environment by asking the children what else is full of air, and one child responded by answering â€Å"a balloon†. The teacher applauded and gave each child praise when answering the questions. The teacher also emphasized during this portion of the lesson â€Å"Say† as she wanted to know that the children knew what they were saying as well. She had Squawker, her hand helper, to ask follow up questions to see if the students comprehended the meanings or the usage of the word lungs, and chest all of which each of the five children responded with clear meaning of the text. The teaching technique the teacher used was in line with Lev Vygotsky’s theory of cognitive development. Vygotsky’s theory actively involves children in his or her own learning process. His theory also implies that learning occurs before development. It was clear that the children had a base knowledge of the content that the teacher taught them, she just deepened their understanding of the material and the vocabulary. Vygotsky’s theory also implies that development is driven by the children’s enjoyment from learning and interaction with their peers. This interaction with peers and adults play a critical role in their cognitive development. The teacher actively engaged the children. She assisted in their learning by modeling the content, and she also used role play by allowing a hand puppet to be a part of the class as a helper.

Analysis of Health Education Pamphlet Essay

Analysis of Health Education Pamphlet: Helping Yourself Heal When Your Spouse Dies Mental health is an important component of overall healthcare, but it is often overlooked. Although society has become more aware of mental health issues, there is still a stigma perceived, and individuals are often reluctant to disclose their mental health issues for fear of rejection, prejudice or avoidance by others (Turner, 2013). Grief and the grieving process is a common aspect of mental health; this pamphlet’s target audience is individuals who have lost their partner (Wolfelt, 2011). The goal is to provide information and reassurance that their grieving is normal and necessary. The analysis of this pamphlet will include an examination of its layout appeal, content and quality of information, an assessment of the reading level and its appropriateness for the target audience, clarity, examples of health care promotion, usefulness, cultural sensitivity and competence, along with helpful tip s for self-care and health management. Layout Appeal A first glance at this pamphlet shows a soothing but attractive picture of a dandelion in full seed. The background is a muted brick red/brown, with the dandelions depicted in light blue that lighten further to bright white in the center. The title is in white with the word â€Å"Spouse† enlarged. This certainly catches one’s eye and clearly announces the target audience it intends. The interior of the pamphlet is all text but divided into titled sections of two paragraphs each. The section titles could read separately from the rest of the content and still lend insight to the reader. For example, the first four section titles are as follows: Acknowledge Your Loss, Allow Yourself to Mourn; Recognize Your Grief is Unique, and Talk Out Your Thoughts and Feelings. The background of the interior is white, the print in black, with the exception of the section titles, which are in blue ink. There are faint pictures of dandelions on the interior, carrying over the cover design. Overall it is very pleasing and attractive. Content and Quality of Information The content of this pamphlet was developed by Dr. Alan Wolfelt, Director of the Center for Loss and Life Transition and faculty at the University of Colorado Medical School’s Department of Family Medicine. Dr. Wolfelt has  written extensively on the subject of grief and loss, as well as conducting classes in the subject. Each of the titled sections is two paragraphs and covers just one aspect of grief and loss. It can be read in one sitting or one section at a time. The information of the pamphlet covers the entire grieving process and offers reassurance, comfort, and empathy without being rigid about the grieving process. It allows an individual to take in as much as they can, and then refer to the pamphlet as a reference. Reading Level/Appropriate Literacy Level Delgado and Weitzel conclude in their study on literacy of lower-income urban adults that most participants had â€Å"reading and comprehension levels at beginning high school level† (Delgado, 2013), and suggest that clients may have difficulty understanding the offered information. They recommend that printed information for the general public be written on a level to ensure comprehension by the target audience – at the 8th to 9th grade level (Delgado, 2013). The content of this pamphlet flows nicely and was analyzed using two different reading level assessment tools: ATOS (ATOS Assessment, 2014) and SMOG (SMOG Assessment Overview, 2012). The ATOS scoring placed the content of the pamphlet at the 8th grade reading and comprehension level, with the SMOG scoring slightly higher at the 9th grade reading and comprehension level. Overall, the pamphlet meets the recommendations of Delgado and Weitzel, and should be readily understandable by most adults. As this pamphlet is targeted for adults who have experienced the death of a spouse, the pamphlet is entirely appropriate in reading and comprehension levels. Clarity The target audience and intent of this pamphlet are clear from the first glance and onward. It contains concise and useful information and gentle guidance while stressing individuality. The content is written in plain language and is easily understood. Each section has a title and addresses only what the title states, creating manageable bits of information. It does not overwhelm the reader. Usefulness This pamphlet provides much useful information on the grieving process. It gives examples of the types of emotions one might experience during grief and reassures the reader that each person grieves in their own way. It gives valuable information and reassurance without becoming â€Å"preachy† and patronizing. Different aspects of grief are explored and explained, and the reader is encouraged to embrace their grief, experience it and know that to suppress the grief and emotions accompanying it can be detrimental. Cultural Sensitivity and Competence While the pamphlet does not address specific cultural differences, it does acknowledge that there are cultural differences exist. The author also encourages the reader to embrace their own cultural traditions pertaining the death, loss and grieving that will bring them and their families comfort. Helpful Tips for Self-Care and Health Management Many helpful tips are offered in this pamphlet; from acknowledging grief and mourning to finding support systems to dealing with the possessions of the deceased. The overall tone of the pamphlet is one of acceptance, reassurance, and comfort. It encourages the reader to be compassionate with oneself, to be open about the pain of loss and not to repress emotions. It also informs the reader that they will experience a range of emotions, sometimes within a short period of time, and that it is normal. This is a gentle and useful pamphlet that offers both comfort and a guideline to aid a person through the grief of the loss of their partner. Reference ATOS Assessment. (2014). Retrieved from Renaissance.com: http://www.renaissance.com/Products.Accelerated-Reader/ATOS Delgado, C. &. (2013). Reading comprehension levels in a sample of urban, low-income persons. Health Education Journal 72(3), 345-350. SMOG Assessment Overview. (2012). Retrieved from Havard.edu: http://www.cdnl.sph.harvard.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/135/2012/09/pdfSMOGoverview Turner, R. N. (2013). Combating the mental health stigma with nostalgia. European Journal Of Social Psychology, 43(5), 413-422. Wolfelt, A. (2011). Helping yourself heal when your spouse dies. Fort Collins, CO: Companion Press.

Organization Development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Organization Development - Essay Example Therefore, it is indeed beneficial to understand the organization’s performance well in order to identify its most viable opportunities. The cosmetic organization has been in operation for the past three years, and over the years, it has managed to establish a steady graph of improved performance each year. Despite this success, the managers of the organization have identified that the organization still has the potential to perform much better. The marketing department of the organization has realized that most of the customers are requesting a variety of the cosmetic products. Therefore, this is one reason as to why the organization needs to undertake the process of organizational development. One other reason for organizational development is seeking to acquire current technology and diversify its operations according to the acquired technology. The management has also noted that the company has the potential to improve the quality of its products by changing its operational procedures. Therefore, organizational development will act as a key direction of acquiring the new operational procedures. Being an organization that deals with cosmetics, the company covers a wide variety of clients, ranging from young people to the aged, both male and female. Therefore, this implies that the process of organizational development will affect a large number of people. From the data collected in the markets covered by the organization, the customers expect that the organization will develop a new variety of products after the development process. The clients also expect that the organizational development will not lead to fluctuation or hiking of prices. It is also the expectation of buyers that the development process will be able to accommodate each and every user of the cosmetic products. Users of the old products also expect that the organization will still continue supplying them even

Logic Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Logic - Research Paper Example If we do not act at the right time, the anthropogenic climate could lead to the devastation of earth and our very own existence(Thesis) According to (TOC,2007) â€Å"Almost 100% of the observed temperature increase over the last 50 years has been due to the increase in the atmosphere of greenhouse gas concentrations like water vapor, carbon dioxide (CO2), methane and ozone†. The greenhouse gas enact for the greenhouse effect and heat up the earth on a gradual process. The burning of fossils is the largest contributing factor of green house effect as it releases large quantity of carbon – di -oxide into the atmosphere. The major concern of greenhouse effect is that it gives way to the heating of the earth and increase the temperature around the globe. The anthropogenic climate change can be explained as the gradual increase in the climatic temperature of earth due to the greenhouse gas emitting. Green house gas emitting leads to the increase in the heat of the planet and leads to the melting of ice in the polar region which can increase the overall seal level on the earth. Even though not very obvious, green house effect is affecting many parts of the earth. The green house gas mostly contains, carbon – di- oxide, water vapor, nitrous oxide and methane which traps the heat and sunlight and elevates the temperature of the planet. Global warming risks the existence of plants, animals and human beings. This entrapping of heat and sunlight in the atmosphere is called the anthropogenic climate change and can evolve the current status of the planet. In this process, the heat get entrapped in the atmosphere but cannot get out of the atmosphere. Because of this process the temperature of atmosphere rises and climatic condition of earth changes with seal level. If the temperature of the planet goes on increasing the productivity pattern of the earth can changes at a rapid level. This can

Ethics of Biological Warfare Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Ethics of Biological Warfare - Essay Example Contemporary wars are characterized by the use of biochemical and nuclear weapons rather than manual force. Thus, contemporary wars have erupted on all levels ranging from domestic to international. The increase of knowledge in such fields as nuclear physics, chemistry, biology and radiology has generated a fear among the scientists about the potential of the modified pathogens to comprise overwhelming agents for the warfare. This paper briefly discusses the history of warfare and the ethics of science’s role in the advancement of modern warfare in general and the chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear (CBRN) warfare in particular. The evolution of all sorts of weaponry can fundamentally be attributed to the dual-use dilemma. Researchers may not be intending to develop something potentially harmful, yet they assume great tendency to do so while experimenting with noble intentions. A research done in 2001 demonstrates the dual-use dilemma. In this research, the researc hers’ efforts were directed at creating a contraceptive vaccine for the pest control, but on their way, researchers ended up developing a bioweapon. Australian researchers hypothesized that introducing a gene that creates large amounts of interleukin-4 (IL-4) into mice would stimulate antibodies against mouse eggs and render the animals infertile†¦The scientists chose a benign mousepox virus†¦[that] killed all of the mice in the study. IL-4 suppressed the immune system, making it unable to fight the mousepox virus. With no defensive launched by the immune system the virus was 100 percent lethal. The virus was significantly lethal even in mice vaccinated against this particular strain of mousepox. (Nowak cited in Reyes). The same technique can be used for the humans since the human smallpox is equivalent to the virus of the mousepox. Before getting their research report published, the Australian researchers seeked guidance from Australia’s Department of Defenc e regarding their proceedings. Jackson, one of the researchers said, â€Å"We wanted to warn the general population that this potentially dangerous technology is available. We wanted to make it clear to the scientific community that they should be careful, that it is not too difficult to create severe organisms† (Jackson cited in Nowak). This also speaks of the fact that many techniques have been brought to the attention of the concerned parties by the scientists with the positive intention of warning them against such experiments. It is hard to justify the development of nuclear weaponry by any standard of ethics until one country developed it for the first time. In the current circumstances, its development is inevitable given some countries that possess nuclear weapons can not be allowed to rule the world just because other countries don’t have them. Countries need nuclear weapons not because they want to attack others, but because they need to be sufficient in thei r self-defense. A nuclear war does not make anyone succeed as long as both the countries are in possession of the nuclear weapons. Even if not suddenly, many abnormalities show up eventually. Citizens of Heroshema and Nagasaki have retained the effects of nuclear war in their genes and many have thus lost the tendency to give birth to normal children. International treaties to outlaw the biological weapons have surfaced from time to time first in 1925 and then

Facility and venue management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Facility and venue management - Assignment Example Located directly opposite the transit centre, this facility is accessible by both train and bus terminals and one would just walk a few minutes to be in within minutes. On arrival by plane into the international or domestic terminal, one takes an air train to Roma Street Transit centre and this takes very little time. Arrival bus is followed by disembarking at the transit centre on level 3 then level 2 before walking over the skylink to the escalators and the guest is at the doorstep of this paradise on Earth. The hotel is a multi-purpose and ultra-modern hospitality facility with different kinds of rooms and hall including a main hall, meeting rooms, stage, and kitchen as well, which suits various groups of clients. This facility offers wide variety of services from private functions such as internet surfing, to public activities like social events, meetings, community recreational activities and even travel desk for consultations. 2.0 Design Analysis 2.1 External Design Features Ba sically, Tinbilly Travellers Hotel has a one storey building, which is located on the edge of a 20-acre Roma street Parkland, with brown brick walls and grey top. The building ever looks very clean, sparkling and new. The size of the building is quite big, which is able to contain more than 400 people at the same time and accommodate others in its hostels. Since Tinbilly Travellers Hotel is located within the busy Roma street transit centre, it has a lot more open spaces on the ground floor available for use and a serene water body behind it in Brisbane River which is relatively close to the building. The landscaping in there is good, with a lagoon around the hotel at the back and along the street in which it is located. When one just gets there, local and international guests can feel fresh air and see the wide spaces all over the ground floor. The facility is easy to find and trace due to the big signade â€Å"Tinbilly Travellers Hotel† name on it near the main road along t he Roma street transit centre. With respect of the other feature of open spaces, the quality of the paving and corridors is excellent, probably because of regular maintenance by the hardworking staff and the Tinbilly Travellers Hotel seems quite new comparing to other hospitality facilities in this location. Besides, there are also a few rubbish bins around the building for dropping small scale refuse which is important considering its location within a cosmopolitan environment. There are various options of transport to access the hotel due to its strategic location within the busy city centre. One can drive to the building or readily walk after a short time connection from the air train or bus. Tinbilly Travellers Hotel has no private parking but the guests can use the free street parking that can accommodate many vehicles. The challenge is the ever increasing number of visiting people that strains the street parking and almost locks out some guests besides the gradually fading col our of parking spots lines. The entrance and exit to the Tinbilly Travellers Hotel is just faced to the main road. As the main road has high traffic flux due to the

Personal statment for ucas Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Statment for ucas - Personal Statement Example Of most importance is that I received awards with two prestigious prizes in Europe entitled ‘The Small Montmarte in Bitola in Macedonia and TheEvora’ which appeared in the local dailies at the time. It is about this time when I joined the Roedean School in the United Kingdom where I sat for my GSE and passed well. Then, I joined the Lancaster University where I accomplished my first year in Fine Arts. I became convinced that I had a passion for Architecture hence put extra efforts to become an architect. I became fascinated in applied art as opposed to previously drawing and/ or creating. Nevertheless, I was certain that there existed a strong connection between doing arts and architecture. Moreover, aesthetic perspective suggests that the hand is the most direct linkage between my mind and the paper. Another reason that inspired me further in Architecture was during my Course at the Lancaster University, there was investigation of modernism history that has a huge impact on the course. Scholars affiliated to this field have continually described architecture to suit the normal life. Forinstance, an English critic of Aestheticism, Walter Pater declared that â€Å"all art continually aspires to the condition of music†. Another English artist, William Morris argued that â€Å"architecture was the primary form to which other arts could be related, and it could be a meeting place for artists and craftsmen†. In a general sense, the Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, physiological needs is the physical requirements for human survival. As such, architecture is a shelter, a protection, a necessity but also exists as a form of art, and the discovery of cave by the Caveman and the building of the Orthodox by the Ancient Greek. Pertaining to achievements,I participated in a Guinness World Records art project known as â€Å"Brushstrokes over

Explain why the nineteenth century saw the development of multilateral Essay

Explain why the nineteenth century saw the development of multilateral diplomacy in Europe - Essay Example The extension of that system through the growth of European influence overseas, the eventual erosion of Europe’s pre-eminence, the rise of the superpowers, the birth of new states, and the challenge of universalist creeds and ideologies, each in their own way influenced the methods, style and content of diplomacy. The emancipation within barely thirty years of almost all the colonial and dependent territories of Britain, France, the Netherlands and Portugal thus vastly inflated the world’s corps diplomatiques, strained traditional diplomatic values, and transformed institutionalized ‘multilateral diplomacy’ – or diplomacy by committee as it has been most appropriately termed – from a convenience into a necessity. The post-Cold War multilateral diplomacy is exemplified by more versatile policies of meetings and discussions with enormous issues and the rising contribution of authorities, national groups and Non-Governmental Organisations (NGOs). Multilateral diplomacy was trying to get used to to these new circumstances. Several issues were escalating ‘multilateral diplomacy’ in Europe – such as scientific, economic, anti political matters are worldwide and enormous in extent (Anderson 1993, pg. 106). They are outstripping the age-old means by which European regime managed them. The signing of the Peace of Westphalia reinforced by the treaty of Utrecht in 1713, founded the theory of nationwide control, thus placing the nations of Europe on equivalent lawful balance (Clive 1999, pg. 689). This concept of self-governing equivalence – awarding each state with protective honour and the right to carry out domestic and overseas dealings without outer involvement – symbolizes the initial real ordering code amongst nations. After Westphalia, ‘decentralized control by self-governing states’ (Falk 1969, p. 69) gave the foundation of straight international order essential to the following expansion of worldwide organization.

Why teenagers should have a curfew Research Paper

Why teenagers should have a curfew - Research Paper Example They get ample of time in the nights to enjoy and do the new things. This inclination involved many youths in midnight criminal activities. Different cities of America and other countries enforced youth curfew to curtail crime ratio and enhance youth safety. Omaha enforced first teen curfew in 1880. There are mainly two types of curfews enforced in different countries with different limitations and these are, city enforced curfew and parental curfew. Curfew did a great job in reducing crime rate, increasing youth safety and making parents more responsible in caring teenagers, importance and outcome of all these achievements be discussed below. By 2010, 500 US cities imposed curfew on under 18 teenagers prohibiting their move out in streets. Even teenagers were prohibited to move in streets or anywhere away from home on weekends. Curfews in American cities are saving teenagers from becoming unintended victim of criminals and other adult violence. Reduction in midnight juvenile crime r ate and youth victimization is the main aim of teenage curfew. New Orleans, Texas and Detroit city enforced teenage curfew and after three years observed decline of 84% in all midnight criminal activities. †status offences† laws were implemented in California resulted in reduction of 32% of midnight burglary crimes from 1978 to 1997 (Males & Macallair 1999). Most of the cities imposed penalty of 500 US dollars on juvenile appearance at public places after 11 pm. This reduced the theft, sexual abuse and shooting cases in the cities. â€Å"Comprehensive community based curfew programs† were introduced by office of juvenile justice in 1996 in America. The annual report showed great decline in youth victimization in the cities (Males & Macallair 1999). Los angles carried out comprehensive analysis from July 97 to 98. In first six months of curfew enforcement, 4810 people were arrested in 97 and produced no effect on youth crime and victimization. However, during the n ext six months, the curfew arrests cut back sharply due to decline in youth crime (Males & Macallair 1999). Teenagers are considered new comers in the outdoor life. Teenage is the stage when youths are more curious about the future and want to forget the past time. Despite knowing all the emotions, yet parents want to minimize teen exposure to outer world in order to save them from lot many problems. Teens in their early youth stage are prone to ills like Intoxication, murder, drinking, smoking, sexual abuse and criminal activities (Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention 152). Despite ensuring safety, curfew helps teen in understanding family life and customs. They spare more time for the activities like, religious duties, school or college work, sports and any other thing considered necessary by parents for saving the teenager from abuses of outer world. Teens also sometimes understand the importance of curfew for their safety. It is sometimes very difficult for a yo uth to get out in the streets at midnight especially the young girls cannot afford this practise too long. There have been recorded incidents of sexual attempts on the teen girls roaming around in the silent streets of California (Ruefle & Brantley 189). Therefore, at some stage of their life, they thank their parents for saving them from violence and youth offences. Teens at the age of 16 or 17 normally do not understand what parents say and with which purpose. Teens normally think that parents are taking away their freedom by restricting their life. It is very important aspect of curfew that teens are not treated as adults in American cities (Ruefle & Brantley 192). Curfew makes youths more responsible to handle life affairs when they reach adult stage. Curfew help youths to be accustomed with disciplined

The Influence of Culture on Language Essay Example for Free

The Influence of Culture on Language Essay In this movies, I can find a lot of concepts that we have been studied in this four chapter. Although I mostly disagree the main idea of this movie, I think it is fight for survive and there are not clear justice, I admit it is a good movie to study intercultural communication. After watching this movie, I first think about the Identity. Identities are sets of social expectation related to ourselves and others that are grounded in the interplay between similarities and difference and pertain to personal, relational and communal aspects of lives. As you can see from the opening scene when the general hope the Lieutenant Jim to fight for human, even he make him to choose between his brother life or Mala. A role is something one puts on and takes off depending on the needs of the situation. In this situation, the general expected the Lieutenant Jim to fight for him but not for parliament, because he think Jim is a human and soldier, he could not fight for Terrian. It is a role expectation. I also find the communications relationship to identity in this movie and it is Ironically. When the soldiers find the Mala in their Ark, they first thought is she will destroy Ark, they should catch her as soon as possible. Such identity label always take this common idea that Mala is not human, she must in order to destroy to come the Ark. The communication naturally reflects her identities, also her identities will common reflect what she will doing. But ironically, who arrest human to capture the planet uncompromising is not Mala, but Lieutenant Jim, also a human. It is no doubt to find the movie is most to focus on personal identity. The movie highly praise the personal identity has special power to solve the conflicts between relational identity and communal identity. As a human, he has a communal identity. But he also has a relational identity that he is a friend of Mala. During the battle, he want to save his brother and also do not want to hurt Mala, at this time, he did another choice. At last, there a scene shows a big sculpture about Lieutenant Jim. Heroism most present a personal identity. In the movie, I find another conflict about the worldview. What is our relationship with the nature, mastery or adaptive. The general certainly stand for mastery the world. He want to capture the planet and change the world to another earth. Human is mostly like to mastery the world. We can find at the movie stated, it is because of absolute mastery the nature, we are ver-exploitation, destroy the nature and fight each other that lead to lose our world. But the parliament seems to change. It is more like Terrian to adaptive the world. They stand to share the world and lend into the environment. At this point, we can find another concept which we study in this for chapter is Similarities and Differences. So when we discuss the culture, we could not be overgeneralization. Back to the worldview, we find the Terrians world view is more in accordance with that current environmental protection organization advocated. At this view, I really love to adapt the world or not to master it. But at last, I mostly find that human is more like to make a big cage to close ourselves. I thought the author is rather extreme. At last, I think to study a intercultural communication in a movie is a meaningful and interesting. But maybe it is a little exaggeration, because the movie always take some authors personal value in it.

Water Pollution in Los Angeles County Essay Example for Free

Water Pollution in Los Angeles County Essay Around 50% or 4. 5 million of the Los Angeles County residents are adults who are family-oriented professionals with middle to high income professional works (California Environmental Protection Agency). They usually rinse off their driveways for more than 200, 000 times in a month into the storm drains and for about 375, 000 times a month, throw cigarette butts on the ground (California Environmental Protection Agency). Additionally, around 1. 2 million adults are involved in environmental pollution through household chores and car washing (California Environmental Protection Agency). For every month, they usually neglected to recycle or properly dispose used motor oil and other car fluids for more than 124, 000 times. Also, on a monthly basis, for approximately 100, 000 times they spray pesticides on their yards and flush their driveways out into the storm drains for about 85,000 times for every month (California Environmental Protection Agency). Nonetheless, around 405, 000 young adults or nine percent of the populace used to dump their ashtrays for greater than 20, 000 times in the street in a month and accounted for 42% dumped ashtrays (California Environmental Protection Agency). They also throw litters from their cars for about 575,000 times and put trashes directly for greater than 125,000 times into the storm drains for every month (California Environmental Protection Agency). With these scenarios, it is foreseen that in the near future, the county has mountains of trashes and contaminated water resources. Pollution Sources The Environmental Protection Agency, EPA, reported that non-point sources pollution is a major cause of contamination of drinking water and adversely affected the wildlife and marine fishes (â€Å"Stormwater Pollution Basics†). Moreover, in 1992, State’s Water Quality Assessment reported that pollutants from non-point sources have ruined around two-thirds of bodies of water in California (â€Å"Water Resources† 8. 15-22). In order to mitigate these effects, the federal government issued legislation on industrial activities such as logging and mining to preserve and protect ecological resources. This step is intensively imposed through local support like by creating ordinances like on erosion control and zoning (â€Å"Stormwater Pollution Basics†). Pollutants from point sources can easily be tracked because they usually discharged from different establishments through pipes or sewage system (â€Å"Water Resources† 8. 15-24). The effective regulation of point-sources has brought improvement in the quality of water among the country’s seas, lakes, rivers, and streams (â€Å"Water Resources† 8. 15-24). On the other hand, non-point source pollutants, also called runoffs, are diffused. They probably transported through a medium from one community to another then accumulated in a particular place, hence, the term runoff. Thus, the non-point sources are much given priority in Clean Water Act of 1972 (â€Å"Water Resources† 8. 15-24). The contamination of groundwater in Southern California region is a consequence of poor land and water management practices (â€Å"Water Resources† 8. 15-28). Agricultural chemicals like pesticides and fertilizers applied on farms seep into the ground while leakage on storage and septic tanks in the same manner contaminate the water table (Adams 5-6). Also, urban runoffs which include dissolved chemicals and suspended particles contribute largely on water quality degradation (â€Å"Water Resources† 8. 15-28). These runoff pollutants include sediments, nutrients, oil spill, metals, pesticides, insecticides, fertilizers, and floatables (Adams 5-6). Limited Water Resources As the world population continuously increases so as the demand for potable water (â€Å"Guidelines for Water Reuse† 3). The increase of residential communities and industrial development in rural areas not only increased the demand for water use but also elevated wastewater discharges (Asano, Burton, Leverenz, Tsuchihashi, Tchobanoglous 19). As a consequence, great number of communities around the world has limited water supply that necessitated for the conservation and reuse of water (â€Å"Guidelines for Water Reuse† 3). Based on the average regional consumptive use, major regions of the United States are consuming water greater than the existing water resources (Asano, Burton, Leverenz, Tsuchihashi, Tchobanoglous 20). While some regions are dependent on ground water, other areas are utilizing waters from rivers, lakes, and streams (Asano, Burton, Leverenz, Tsuchihashi, Tchobanoglous 20). Water reuse requires efficient wastewater reclamation and treatment. Majority of water reuse projects can only reclaim water for nonpotable use such as for irrigation and industrial purposes (Asano, Burton, Leverenz, Tsuchihashi, Tchobanoglous 19). Although water reclamation and reuse has great advantages in conserving water, wastewater treatment for water to yield potable water entails costly treatment plants (Asano, Burton, Leverenz, Tsuchihashi, Tchobanoglous 31). Further, government or other institutional priorities may give additional burden in budget allocation for such projects (Asano, Burton, Leverenz, Tsuchihashi, Tchobanoglous 31). On the other hand, the industrial sectors are mandated by the government to secure for an efficient wastewater pretreatment facilities and management (â€Å"Guidelines for Water Reuse† 4). In this way, the harm of wastewater discharges on the environment is alleviated. Water Pollution Regulation The Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972, now called as Clean Water Act, was amended to expand its control in the regulation of wastewater discharges from the industries through the issuance of National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System, NPDES permit (â€Å"Hydrology and Water Quality† 6). It was again amended in 1987 to include the regulations on storm water discharges through industrial and municipal facilities under the NPDES program (â€Å"Hydrology and Water Quality† 6). As a result, NPDES permit is also mandated for Municipal Separate Storm Sewer System effluents. Each state is required by the Clean Water Act to set water standards for local bodies of water in the approval of the EPA (â€Å"Hydrology and Water Quality† 6). The criteria for water quality standards must be developed with respect to water use such as for agricultural purposes and wildlife habitat (â€Å"Hydrology and Water Quality† 6). This include maximum and minimum allowable level for both dissolved and suspended particles like heavy metals, nutrients, dirt, and bacteria. Nevertheless, the EPA regional offices have specified standards for water quality through California Toxics Rule (â€Å"Hydrology and Water Quality† 6). Also, the section 303 (d) of the Clean Water Act mandated the identification of impaired bodies of water (â€Å"Hydrology and Water Quality† 6). Once identified, the Total Maximum Daily Load, TMDL, should be set for each pollutant present. Then, future wastewater discharges will be assessed based on these criteria to minimize pollutant increase (â€Å"Hydrology and Water Quality† 6). The provisions of the Clean Water Act are the bases of water-quality controls and restrictions for wastewater discharges to rivers and lakes. This was made possible by amending the content of 1972 Federal Water Pollution Control Act that was enriched in 1977 (â€Å"Coastal Water Quality and Urban Runoff in Orange County† 10). Meanwhile, in June 1994, the revised Water Quality Control Plan of Los Angeles was adopted by the California Regional Water Quality Control Board. This encompassed agricultural, municipal, and industrial water services (â€Å"Coastal Water Quality and Urban Runoff in Orange County† 5). Presently, Lost Angeles County is maintaining about 1, 000 acres watersheds through their regional and subregional facilities (â€Å"Hydrology and Water Quality† 5). Indeed, their facilities are designed to withstand a hundred year frequency storms (â€Å"Hydrology and Water Quality† 5). In addition, local facilities maintained by the local district are also available to protect less than 640 acres watersheds (â€Å"Hydrology and Water Quality† 6). Conclusion The different bodies of water and even ground water of the Southern California are continuously degraded by human activities (â€Å"Water Resources† 8. 15-25). Agricultural chemicals like fertilizers and pesticides may infiltrate and contaminate the ground water. Meanwhile, the excessive pumping of water from the water table may result to incursion of seawater into the ground water (â€Å"Water Resources† 8. 15-25). Every water management and planning project needs active participation of the local citizens in order to create an efficient and sustainable working model (Asano, Burton, Leverenz, Tsuchihashi, Tchobanoglous 31). The participation of the local citizens can be promoted through environmental education campaign on prevention and conservation of resources. In connection with this, the Los Angeles County residents are generally concerned with water pollution however, are presently engaged in polluting activities (California Environmental Protection Agency). On the positive side, they are very willing to actively participate in any anti-pollution projects (California Environmental Protection Agency). Since water pollution is caused primarily of human activities, it is only through active involvement of every citizen in governmental programs, that the goals for pollution abatement can be effectively attained. In this connection, EPA encouraged private citizens to: properly dispose garbage and litters thereby avoiding drain clogs and the runoff of these pollutants to bodies of water; sparingly use household and garden chemicals; maintain plants and ground covers to prevent erosion; support local government officials in environmental projects; and use environment friendly home products (â€Å"Stormwater Pollution Basics†). Works Cited Adams, Gregory. Identifying and Controlling Municipal Wastewater Odor Phase II: Impacts of Inplant Parameters on Biosolids Odor Quality Werf Report Treatment Processes.London: IWA Publishing, 2004. Asano, Takashi, Burton, Franklin L. , Leverenz, Harold L. , Tsuchihashi, Ryujiro, and Tchobanoglous, George. Water Reuse: Issues, Technologies, and Applications. USA: McGraw-Hill Professional, 2007 California Environmental Protection Agency. â€Å"Erase the Waste. † May 1997. State Water Resources Control Board, Office of Public Affairs. 12 December 2008 http://www. swrcb. ca. gov/erasethewaste/docs/campaignprofiles. pdf â€Å"Coastal Water Quality and Urban Runoff in Orange Country. † n. d. Department of Public Works. 12 December 2008 http://www. ocwatersheds. com/brochures/Coastal%20Water%20Quality%20etc%206-15-99. pdf. Guidelines For Water Reuse. U. S. Environmental Protection Agency. Washington D. C. : Camp Dresser McKee, Inc. 2004. Hydrology and Water Quality. Draft Environmental Impact Report. Los Angeles: LSA Associates, Inc. 2008. â€Å"Stormwater Pollution Basics. † n. d. Department of Public Works, Los Angeles County. 12 December 2008 http://dpw. lacounty. gov/PRG/StormWater/Page_36. cfm. Water Resources. Southern California Association of Governments Draft 2008 RTP PEIR, January 2008.